Period One

Ban Chiang to Sukhothai

Excursus - Early Empires other Empires

Lannathai (Part I)

In 1259 AD, King Mengrai the Great found the Lanna Kingdom. This king had succeeded his father as ruler of the Chiang Saen kingdom and established his new capital in 1262 AD at Chiang Rai which he called after himself. In 1292 AD, the lanna under Mengrai invaded Haripunchai and annexed as part of their own empire. As new capital and more central for his kingdom, mengrai established in 1296 AD Chiang Mai.

Phayao

Another powerful empire in the north was around Phayao. This kingdom was found in 1096 AD and became with the time more powerful so that it was an equal partner to Sukhothai and Lanna in the 13th century AD. It was captured by the Lanna in 1338 AD.

Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom

This empire also called Kingdom of Ligor controlled big parts of the malay peninsula. Some sources state that nakhon Si Thammarat was found as early as 200 BC as the capital of the legendary Langasuka Empire which ruled the main parts of the peninsula. later, the city might have been the capital as well of the Tambralinga kingdom but it became for sure a part of the Srivijaya kingdom in the later 6th century AD. King Ramkhamhaeng mentions it as one of the vassal states of Sukhothai but that is highly controversial.

Pattani Kingdom

The Pattani Kingdom was a Malay state which included the area of nowadays Pattani, Narathiwat and Yala. It became a part of the Srivijaya kingdom and later a vassal state of Ayuthaya. In the 11th century AD the kingdom converted to Islam.